Forging-press.



E. F. OYSTER.

FORGING PRESS. APPLIOATION FILED nnojz, 1912.

1,094,092. I Patented Apr. 21, 191

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PORGING PRESS.

APPLIOATION FILED 1130. 2, 1912. 1,094,092. I Patented Apr. 21, 191A 3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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M Chi/K J34 &501/66 W I EARL r. OYSTER, F EAS'L, cLavnLaNn, OHIO. rename-2328s Specification of Letters retent.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

Application filed December 2, 1912. Seria No. 734,452.

To ail whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EARL F. -OYSTER, a

citizen of the United States, residing at East Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Forging Presses, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to presses of'the type wherein the pressing head or die may be moved rapidly to the work and is then au-c tomatically submitted to an intensified hydraulic pressure, by means ofa displacement plunger operated by steam pressure.

The object of the invention is to provide such a press, adapted for forging, which shall be rapid and effective in action, simple in construction, and durable in service.

' ger; Fig.

The simplicity of-my forging press renders it comparatively cheap to construct and prevents its getting out of order in use. Notwithstanding this simplicity and cheapness, my press is very eflicient, the pressing die moving rapidly to its Work and then delivering the desired intensified pressure, after which the parts return to normal position. The characteristics of the press by which I accomplish these results are hereinafter more fully explained'and are definitely set out in the claims.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a front elevation of my forging press; Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof; Fig. 3 is anenlarged vertical section through the upper portion of the forging press; Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of a plane through the intensifying plunis a detail in vertical section through the valve which controls the passage in the intensifying plunger, this section being central -of.the machine and in a plane parallel with Fig. 2; Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional details illustrating the valves for controlling the steam to the main steam cylinder and to the lifting cylinders for the movable die, respectively.

Referring by numerals to the parts shown in the drawings, 10 represents a suitable base which carries a block 11 on which is mounted the stationary pressure bloc-k or die 12. Rising from the base 10 and rigidly secured thereto are fourvertical columns 14 secured at their upper ends to a stationary cross frame 15. I

16 indicates a cross "head, which is s11 d-. ably mounted on the columns 14 and carries the pressing head 01' die 18. It is to be understood that the work is placed between th 1116s 12- and 18., and than the diecross head 16 allowed to drop to bring the die 18 to the work andthen the intensified pressure is applie to the cross head 16, as heremafter descri d Secured to the cross frame on opposite sides thereof are the two cylinders 20. In these cyl nders are pistons 21 connected by rods 22 with the die cross-head 16. The rods pass through stufling boxes 23 at the lower ends of the cylinder. The upper ends of the cylinders are constantly vented, by ports 24, to the atmosphere, while the lower portions of the cylinders connected to a steam pipe 30 which leads to a valve 31. This valve is adapted to put the pipe 30 in communication eithenlwitha live steam pipe 32 or an exhaust pipe 33. The valve is normally positioned to connect the pipes 30 and 32 so that the steam pressure is admitted to the cylinders and acts upwardly on the under sides of the pistons 21 to support the Working cross head 16. When, however, the pipe is coupled with the exhaust 33, the cross head, together with the piston and piston rods, descends by gravity, and this brings the pressing head or die 18 down until it engages the work.

The cross head 16 is rovided with an upwardly extending, hollow plunger 35 which slides within a cylinder 36 provided b and consisting of a portion of the cross frame 15. A suitable packing prevents leakage between the piston and cylinder wall, as, for example, the stuffing box construction shown at 3 8. The cross frame 15 is shown as hollowed out for lightness, as appears in Fig. 3. The cylinder 36 may constitute an integral portion of this cross frame and the cylinders 20 be bolted to it, as shown in the drawings.

The top wall of the cylinder 36 is extended and braced to form a horizontal platform 3.9, from which rise four vertical columns 40. Slidabl mounted on these columns 40 is across ead 41. This-cross head carries a tubular plunger 42 extending through a stuffing box 43 carried by the platform 39 into-the cylinder 36 and the recess in the plunger 35 This plunger 42 is adapted, as hereinafter-explained, to have its pas sagewa closed during operationv and thus to displace a comparatively small quant ty of liquid in the cylinder 36, and thus give '10 bular' plunger 42 is normally an intensified hydraulic pressure to the movable die.

The upper, or intensifier, cross head 41 is provided with an upwardly extending cylinder 45. Liquid is contained in the cylinder or reservoir 45, in the bore of the plunger 42, in the upper portion of the cylinder 36 and in the recess within the lunger 35. A valve, to be hereinafter descrlbed, in the tuopen so that the liquid in the cylinder 36 is in open communication with the liquid in the cylinder 45. Accordingly, when steam is released from the lifting cylinders and the work- 5 ing cross head 16 drops by {gravity, liquid I follows into the cylinder 36 om the reser- 'voir 45. Now, will it be seen that if the valve in the tubular plunger 42 be closed, and that plunger, with its inclosed liquid, be 20 forced downwardly into the cylinder 36, the desired intensified hydraulic pressure will be submitted to the cross head 16. Means for operating the intensifier plunger42 will now be described: a Y The columns 40, on which the upper cross. head. 41 is slidable, carry at their upper end a steam cylinder 50. Mounted on opposite sides of this cylinder are lifting cylinders 51, within which are pistons 52 having piston rods 53 extending down wardly through the stuifing boxes 54 and connected at their lower ends with the cross head 41. The upper ends of the cylinders 51 are vented to the atmosphere as shown at 55. The lower portions of the cylinders 51 areadapted to be in communication with steam underpressure. I deem it preferable to keep them under constant steam pressure directly from the steam boiler, without the necessity of an intermediate valve, the area of the pistons 52 being sullicient to raise the intensifier cross head and attached parts when released. The steam connection.

' to the cylinder 51 is illustrated by the pipe 57, which is connected with each of the cylinders and at its outer end connected with a live steam pipe.32, which is shown as connected with a main steam pipe 59.

' Slidable in the reservoir cylinder 45 is a piston 60, which is shown as provided with adjustable packing and a packing ring 61 secured'by bolts, as will be well understood.

There is clearance open to the atmosphere between the outer wall of the cylinder 45 and the inner wall of the cylinder 50.

Within the cylinder 50 is a piston 64. The

two-pistons and 64 are rigidly connected togetherby a rod 65. Above the piston 64 the cylinder 50 is adapted to receive live 60 steam. Thecylinder is shown as provided witha port 66 connected. with a pipe 67 which leads to a valve casing 68. -A valve in this casing is adapted to put thispipe in coinmunicatiomwith the main steam pipe 59, or in' commumcat-lon with anexhaust pipe 69.v Normally, the pipe 67 is in communication with the exhaust 69. When the cylinders 20 are vented to allow the working cross head 16 to drop, it is preferable to open the valve in the casin 7o 68 suificiently to admit a small quantit 0 live steam above the piston 64. This al owe the pistons 64 and 60 to move downwardly as required to keep a continuous bod of liquid between the under side of the piston 60 and the lunger 35.

, I have re erred to a normally open valve in the conduit of the intensifier plunger 42. This valve is shown in Fig. 5. As there shown, the plunger 42 has at its up er end 30 an enlarged head 70, which is bo ted; or otherwise secured to the under side of the upper cross head 41. This head 70 is preferably an integral portion of the lunger. In this plunger 42 is a continuous ore 71, 5 the upper end of which is closed by a suitable plu 72. Extending laterally from this bore wit in the head 70 is a passageway 73, from which extends an upward assage 74 communicating with an opening 5 throu h the bottom wall of the cross head 41 into t e reservoir 45. The annular edge at the junction of the passageway 73 and the bore 71 forms a valve seat, with which coacts a valve 77 adapted to control communication between the tubular plunger and the reservoir cylinder 45.

The valve 77 has a stem 78 extending out through a stufiing box 79. It is shown also as provided .with' an opposed stem 80 guided in the bore of a plug 81 screwing into the head 70. The stem 78 slides through a suitable guiding bracket 83 and is connected at its end with a rock arm 84. This armis on a rock shaft 85 journaled in ears on the cross head 41. Projecting from the rock shaft is a short rock arm 86, which normally engages an abutment 87 on the under side of the stationary cylinder frame 50. A spring 88 surrounds the valve stem 78 and is compressed'between the stationary bracket 83 and" adjusting nuts 89 on the stem. 1 A

From the abovedescribed construction it will be seen that normally the abutment 116 87 holds the valve 77 away from its seat, leaving open communication between the reservoir cylinder 45 and the pressing cylinder 36. However, whenever the cross head 41 carrying the reservoir cylinder is 1 forced downwardly, it carries the valve with it and thus lowers'the rock arm 86 from the abutment 87 allowing the spring 88' to seat the valve 7 thus closing communication through the tubular plunger.

After the movable die has descended to the work it is only necessary, to give the intensified ressure, to admit live steam above the piston 64 in a sufficient quantity. This live steam on the large area of the pis- 130 ton overcomes the live steam against the under side of the smaller areas ofjthe pistons 2 and forces downward the piston 60.

This movement, as explained, automatically causes the valve 77 to close, and continued downward movement of the piston 60 shoves ahead of it the cross head 41, the blocked liquid in the c linder acting simply as a distance piece hetween the piston and the based the cylinder 45. In this downward movement the water in the tubular plunger 42 acts also as a distance piece between the closed valve 77 and the lower en of the plunger Accordingly, a displacement takes place of the liquid in the cylinder 36 corresponding to the size of the plunger 42 the same as if it were solid. This comparatively small displacement in the comparatively large cylinder 36 gives the intensified pressure to the cross head 16 and movable die 18,

as willbe well understood. 'Bymeans of this intensifyin pressure I am able to deliver a pressing orce of several tons to the square.

inch with my machine constructed within reasonable compass.

At the end of the forging operation, the coupling of the steam pipe 67 with the exhaust, and the allowing of live steam to enter the lifting cylinders 20 restores the machine to normal position. The cylinders 51 being referably in. constant communication witli the live steam their pistonsact automatically to raise the upper cross head when the pressure is relieved from above the piston 64'; and, coincidentally with such raising, live steam is admitted to the c linders 20, then their pistonsraise the wor ing cross head 16. Any suitable valves may be employed for,

efl'ecting the operation. It is desirable, howconvenient arrangement of valves for this. purpose 1s shown 1n Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7.

ever, to couple the valves together and connect them with one operating lever, so that the movements maybe most simply effected and no time will be lost between them. 'A

Referring to Fig. 6, 68 indicates the casing of the valve for controlling the. admission and exit of live steam to the main cylin der 50. This casing has a port 90 communieating with the pipe 67 and a port 91 com-' municating with the pipe 59 containing live steam. Within the cylindrical interior of the casing is a piston valve 92 having heads 9'3 and 94. This valve has a stem'95 extending out through a stuffing box'96 and connected with a lever 97, which is pivoted to a bracket 98 mounted on the valve casing. It will be evident that the piston valve balances itself; that the port 90 is normally in communication with the exhaust at the 0 en end of the casing; that if the outer. en the lever 97 is drawh downwardly, the piston valve is raised to put the live steam port 91 in .tcommunication with theport 90.

mamas The valve 31' controllinglthe exit and admission of live steam to t e cylinders 20 is illustrated in Fig. 7 as a duplicate of the.

valve just described but inverted. In this valve the position of the piston to the ports is the reverse of the valve 68, that is to say, in valve 31 the normal position is to connect the live steam with the cylinders 20. Briefl in Fi 7, there is the port 90 connecte. with t e cylinders, a port 91 connected with the live steam pipe, two heads 93 and 94 on the valve, and a valve stem the valve stem 95, provides for normally maintaining the rod 100 in its elevated position. This is the position shown in Fig. 3, and also in Figs. 6 and 7.

In operation, the lever 103 is simply pressed toward the machine, thus pulling down the rod 100 sufficientlyto couple the cylinders 20 with the exhaust and to slightly open the pipe to the main steam cylinder, allowing a small quantity of steam to enter above the piston 64. This causes the cross head 16 and the die 18 to rapidly move downward to the work. Then the lever 103 is moved farther toward the machine, which movement entirely uncovers the port 90 so that a suflicient quantity' of live steam is ad"- mitted above the piston 64 to force downwardly the upper cross head and the displaeement lunger, thus givin to the work the hydrau l seen that the reservoir cylinder 45-, with its piston, passesentirely out of the cylinder 50. This allows convenient access to the packing ring 61 to adjust the packing. The

various other stuffing boxes and packing devices in the machine are of easy access, as will be seen. To replenish any liquid that may be lost through leakage, I prefer to proyidelan opening 110 through the top 39 of thecylinder 36, Fig. 3. 111 is a check valve in this opening, and 112 a pipe leading therefrom to any suitable source of liquid under pressure. v

It should be noted that, while the particular embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings is an efiicient one, changes and mod'ifications may be made therein without departing from my invention, as hereinafter claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is k ic pressure desired. It will be c 1. In a machine of the character described, the combination of, a cooperating cylinder and plunger, a tubular displacesupplied to the cylinder, and means in the machine for forcing liquid through said 'bore.

3. The combination of a frame, a pressing head slidably guided thereby, -a cooperating plunger and cylinder, one connected with the frame and the other with the head, a hollow displacement plunger acting into the chamber within the cylinder, and

means for controlling and forcing liquid through the lunger.

4. The com ination of a frame, a cylinder carried thereby, a cross head slidably guided by the-frame and having a plunger working in said cylinder, a tubular displacement plunger slidable through the head of said cylinder, means for operating the displacement plunger, and means for forcing liquid through it; p 5. The combination, with a frame, of a cross-head slidably guided thereby, a cooperatingcylinder and plunger carried by the frame and cross head, a tubular displacement plunger operating into the chamber within the cylinder, a reservoir coupled with the plunger, means for forcing the liquid from said reservoir to the said chamber through the displacement plunger, means for operatin the displacement plunger, and lifting cylin ers carried by said frame,an'd having pistons with rods connected to said cross head. 4 o

6. The combination of a frame,'a pressing a head slidably guided thereby, a cooperating piston and cylinder, one connected with the frame and the other-with the head, a tubu-- lar displacement plunger acting into the chamber within the cylinder, a piston and cylinderfforjforcing liquid through the plunger, a movable reservoir adapted to communicate with the bore of the plunger,

a valve for closing the conduit through the displacement plunger, and means for moving the reservoir and. displacement plunger asaunit.

7. The-combination of a cooperating cylinder and plunger, a reservoir, a piston operating therein, a tubular plunger carried by the reservoir and slidably extending into said cylinder, and means for controlling the passage of liquid through the plunger.

8. The combination of a frame, a pressing head slidably guided thereby, a cooperating cylinder and plunger carried one by the head and the other by the frame, a movable reservoir cylinder, a piston operating therein, a tubular plunger carried by the reservoir cylinder and slidably extending into the cylinder first mentioned, and a valve for controllin the said cylin era- 9. The combination of a frame, a pressing head, a cylinder and plun er carried .by the frame and head, a h'ofiow displacement plunger slidable into the interior of the cylwinder, a cross head with which thedisplacement plunger is connected, a cylinder carried by the cross head and adapted to be in communication with the hollow plunger, and a piston working in the last mentioned cylinder.

10. The combination of a frame, a pressing head, a cylinder and plunger carried by the frame and head, a hollow displacement plunger slidable into the interior of the cylinder, a cross head with which the dis lacement plunger is connected, lifting cylinders connected with said cross head, means for moving the cross head, and means for blocking the passage of liquid through the hollow plunger.

11. The combination of a coo erating cylinder and plunger, a hollow displacement plunger slidable into the interior of the cylinder, a cross head with which the dis lacement plunger is connected, lifting cylmders connected with the cross head, a cylinder carried by the cross head and in communication with the hollow plunger, a piston working in the last mentioned cylinder, a valve for controlling the passageway from the reservoir cylinder to the lower cylinder, and means for automatically closin said valve when the hollow plunger descen s.

12. The combination, with a cylinder and a cooperating plunger, of a hollow plun er movable into the space within the cylin er, a movable cylinder connected with said plunger and having its interior in communi cation with the bore of the plunger, a valve for controlling said passageway, a piston working in the last mentioned cylinder, a -main cylinder, a piston therein, and a rod connecting the last mentioned piston with the piston first mentioned.

.13. The combination, with a frameand a pressing head slidably guided thereby, of a cylinder and plunger carried by the frame and head, a hollow tubular plunger slidable intov the interior of the cylinder, a movable reservoir connected with said hollow plunger, a valve for controlling communication between the reservoir and plunger, a piston working in" the reservoir, an alined steam' cylinder into which the reservoir may expassage of liquid between imam tend, a piston in the steam cylinder, and a rod connecting the piston in the steam cylinder with the piston in the reservoir.

f 14. The combination, with a frame and a pressing head slidably guided thereby, ofa cylinder and plunger carried by the frame and head, a hollow tubular plunger slidable into the interior of the cylinder, a movable reservoir connected with said hollow plunger, a valve for controlling communication between the reservoir and plunger, a piston working, in the reservoir, an alined steam cylinder into which the reservoir may extend, a piston in the steam cylinder, a rod connecting the piston in the steam cylinder with the piston in the reservoir, lifting cylinders on the outer sides of the main steam cylinder, pistons therein, and piston connected to the reservoir.

15. The combination, with a pressing cylinder and plunger, of means including a tubular plunger adapted to supply pressure to liquid within the cylinder, staltionary guide rods, a cross head slidably guided by said rods, said cross head having a wall rods constituting. a liquid reservoir which is adapted to communicate through the tubular plungenwith the pressing cylinder, a valve for controlling such passage, a piston operating within the reservoir wall, a main cylinder and piston, the latter piston be ing connected with the piston of the reservoir, and meansfor moving the cross head in opposition to the main piston.

. 16. The combination, with a pressing cylinder and plunger, of means including a tu.

bular plunger adapted to supply pressure to liquid within the cylinder, ascross head having a wall constituting a liquid reservoir which is adapted to communicate through the tubular plunger with the'pressing cylinder, a piston operating within the reservoir wall, a valve for the conduit from the reservoir to the pressing cylinder, means tending to seat said valve, mechanism for, holding the valve open, said mechanism acting against an abutment carried by astationary part of the frame, and the rest of the mechanism being carried by the cross head,

whereby when the cross head moves the valve automatically closes.

17. The combination, with a pressing cylinder and plunger, of means including a tubular plunger adapted to supply pressure to liquid within the cylinder, a movable reservoir connected with the tubular plunger, a valve for controlling the passageway from the reservoirzthrough the plunger to the pressing cylinder, a steam cylinder, the wall? of the reservoir, extending into the main steam cylinder withclearance between them, {a piston" in the reservoir, and a piston in the steam cylinder connected with the piston in the reservoir. 3

liquid withinthe cylinder, a movable reservoir cylinder connected with the tubular plunger, a valve for controlling the passageway ,froin thereservoir cylinder through the plunger to the pressing cylinder, a steam cylinder alining with the reservoir cylinder, the wall of the reservoir normally extending into the main steam cylinder but adapted to move out of it, a piston in the reservoir, an accessible gland for packing said pis ton, and a piston in .the steam cylinder connected with the piston in the reservoir.

19. The combination of a frame, a movable cross head, a plunger and cylinder car-. ried by the frame and cross head, lifting cylinders for the cross head, a main steam cylinder, a movable reservoir, a second cross head carrying the reservoir, a piston in the steam cylinder, a connected piston in the reservoir, a tubularplunger carried by the reservoir cross head and extending into the pressing cylinder, valves for controlling the admission of steam to the main steam cylinder and the exit of steam from the lifting cylinders, and means for concurrently operatingsaid valves.

20. The combination, wit-h a cotiperating plunger and cylinder, of a main steam cylinder, a movable reservoir, a cross head carrying the reservoir, a:pist0n in the steam cylinder, a connected piston in the reservoir, a tubular plunger carried by the reservoir and extending into the .pressing cylinder,

and a replenishing pipe connected with the pressing cylinder.

21. The combination of an upright frame, a cross head slidably guided thereby, a cylinder carried by the frame, a cooperating plunger carried by the cross head, upright rods carried by the frame, an upper cross head slidable on said rods and having an upwardly extending reservoir, a plunger on therunder side of said upper cross head extending into the cylinder which is carried by the frame, said plunger being tubular and adapted to establish communication between the reservoir and said cylinder, a valve for controlling the passage through the plunger, a main steam cylinder carried by said rods, a piston in the reservoir, a piston in the steam cylinder, and means for connecting said pistons.

22. In a machine ofthe character described, the combination of aframehaving upright members and a. cross portion, a cross head slidablyguided on said frame, said cross portion of the frame having a cyl-. inder and said cross'head a plunger operating in the cylinder, standards rising from the frame, a steam cylinder carried at the upper. ends of said standards, a cross head slidable on said standards, a reservoir carthe ried by the last mentioned cross h ad and extending upwardly toward the steam cylinder, a piston in said reservoir, a piston in steam cylinder, 9. connection between said pistons, a tubular lunger carried by the upper. cross head and extending throu the top of the pressing cylinder into t e 'space therein, and means-for opening and closing the passageway'for liquid from the reservoir to the pressing cylmder via the I tubular plunger.

. ends of said columns,

- rods, a cross head slidab 1 assageway by means of the tubular plunger cylinder,

tending upwardly toward the steam cylinder,

apiston m said reservoir, a iston in the steam cylinder, a connectlon etween said pistons a tubular plunger carried by the upper cross head and extending through the top of the pressing cylinder into the space therein, a valve for opening and closing the om the reservoir to the pressing means-tending to close said valve, and a rock arm connected with the valve mechanism and normally 'engagin an abutmenton a stationary portion of t e machine and serving to hold the valve open whereby the va ve automatically loses when the-reservoir cross head moves the valve mechanism away from the abutment,

24. In a machine of. the character described, the combination' with a cylinder and plunger, of means for supplying hyand means for forcing valve when the displacement draulic ressurethereto comprising a tubuiar disp acement plungler, avalve. for controlling the passage t rough the plunger, liquid through the plunger. 7 l

25. The combination of afi-ame, a compressing head slidably ided thereby, a cylinder and plunger carried by the frame. and head, means for supplying hydraulic pressure to the cylinder and plunger comprising a hollow, displacement plunger, means for forcing liquid through it, a valve for controllingthe passage throu h the plunger and means for automatically closing said plunger moves.

26. The combination of a frame, a co npressing head slidably guided thereby, a cooperating cylinder and plunger carried one by the head and the other by the frame, a movable reservoir, a piston operating therein, a tubular plunger movable with the reservoir and adapted to communicate therewith and sup ly pressure to the cylinder and piston, and a valve for controlling the passage of liquid, from the reservoir ,through the tubular plunger. e

27. The combination of a frame, a compressing head, a cylinder and plunger carried by the frame and head, means including a hollow displacement plunger adapted to supply pressure to the liquid in said cylinder, a cross head with WlllCll the displacement plunger is connected, a cylinder carried by the cross head and adapted to be in communication with the hollow plunger, and apist'on working in the last mentioned cylinder.

28. The bombination, with a cylinder and cooperating plunger, of means for supplying hydraulic pressure thereto includlng a tubular plunger, a movable cylindenconnected with said tubular plunger and having its interior in communication with'a bore thereof, a-valve for controlling the assageway through such bore, a piston worhing 1n the last mentioned cylinder, a main cyhnder, a

piston therein, and means connecting the last mentioned piston with the piston first mentioned.

29. The combination, with a cylinder and plunger, of means for supplyin hydraulic pressure thereto including a hol ow tubular plunger, a movable reservoir connected with said hollow plunger, a valve for controllin communication between the reservoir and hollow plunger, a iston working in the reservoir, an alined steam cylinder into which the reservoir may extend, the piston in the steam cylinder, and a rod connecting the piston in the steam cylinder with the piston in the reservoir.

30. The combination, with the cylinder and plunger, of means for supplying hydraulic pressure thereto including a hollow tubular plunger, a movable reservoir. connected with said hollow plunger, a valve for controlling communication between the reservoir and plunger, a piston workingin I the reservoir, a steam cylinder, a piston therefor connected with the iston in the reservoir, and a lifting cylin er having a piston connected with the reservoir.

In testimon whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature in t e presence of two witnesses.

EARL F. OYSTER. Witnesses ALBERT H. BATES,

R. C. Orsrnn. 

